(ml;lhisr;Nrid kd;#u;)
,d;iwa cyfpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w mjpKf;fpa rhjdk; vJntd;W Nfl;lhy; mJ fzdp vd;Nw $Wtu;. fzdpapd;wp cyfNk ,aq;fhJ vd;W $Wk; msTf;F midj;J JiwfspYk; mjd; gq;F kfj;jhdJ. Muk;g fhyj;jpy; fzdp ngupa ngupa Ma;T$lq;fs;> gy;fiyfofq;fs;> cau; njhopy;El;g $lq;fspy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gpwF nghJkf;fs; gad;ghl;bw;F te;jJ. ,t;thwhf fhzg;gLfpd;w ,d;iwa fzdpapd; tuyhw;iw mjd; Muk;gj;jpypUe;J rw;Wg; Gul;bg; ghu;g;Nghk;.
fw;fhyj;jpy; jdpj;jdpahf jpupe;j Mjpkdpjd; ehfupfk; Njhd;wpajd; fhuzkhf $l;lkhf xNu ,lj;jpy; thoj;njhlq;fpdhd;. mg;NghJ mtDf;F jd; tsu;g;G gpuhzpfis vz;Ztjw;F> czT jhdpaq;fis mstpLtjw;F> gq;fpLtjw;fhf vz;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;jhd;. Kjypy; vz;fis $l;Ltjw;Fk;> fopg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; ngUf;Ftjw;Fk; vd;W jd;Dila tpuy;fis gad;gLj;jpdhd;. mjd;gpwF rpwpa rpwpa fw;fisAk;> tpijfs; jhdpaq;fs; Nghd;w nghUl;fs; kl;Lkd;wp gpuhzpfspd; vOk;G Nghd;witfisAk; gaw;gLj;jpdhd; gpd;du; gzk; vd;fpw nghJthd gz;lk; te;jd; gpd;du; fhRfis gad;gLj;jpdhd;. ehfuPfk; tsu;r;rpaile;jJ. fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk; ntspahfj; njhlq;fpd.
Rkhu; ,uz;lhapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jp;ypUe;Nj rPdu;fs;> [g;ghdpau;fs;> ngupa vz;;fisf; $l;lTk;> ngUf;fTk; “mghf;f];” vd;fpw kzpr;rl;lj;ij gad;gLj;j njhlq;fpdu;. ,Jjhd; fzpj nray;Kiwfis ,af;f cjTk; Kjy; rhjdkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. mjidj; njhlu;e;J fp.gp.1619y; ];nfhl;yhe;J ehl;il Nru;e;j “[hd; Neg;gpau;” vd;fpw mwpQu; rpy vYk;Gj; Jz;Lfis File;J xU fUtpia cUthf;fpdhu;. mij “Neg;gpau; Nghd;];” vd;W mioj;jdu;. ,jd; %yk; ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; Nghd;w nray;Kiwfis vspjhf nra;a Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,tu; gpw;fhyj;jpy; nyhfpu;jkpd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhu;.
fp.gp.1622-y; tpy;ypak; My;l;nul; vd;gtu; “];iyl;&y;” vd;fpw fUtpia fz;Lgpbj;jpUe;jhu;. fhy;FNyl;lu; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F Kd;du; ,e;j fUtpNajhd; fzpj gad;ghl;bw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> ngUf;fy; FwpaPl;Lf;F Kjd; Kjypy; “x” -I gad;gLj;jpaJk; ,tu;jhd; vdTk; tuyhw;W mwpQu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,t;thwhf njhopy;El;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rp Fwpj;J jkJ ez;gu;fSld; tpthjpj;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ rf;fuj;jpypUe;J Muk;gpj;j tpthjk; Kbtpy; fzdpafk; tiu nrd;W Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. rf;fuk; fz;Lgpbj;j gpwFjhd; kdpj ehfupfk; kpf Ntfkhf tsu;e;jjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikjhd;! cyfpid Ml;bg;gilf;Fk; kdpjdJ fz;L gpbg;Gf;fspy; kpfTk; mrhj;jpakpf;fjhd fz;Lgpbg;G vd;why; mJ fzdpNajhd; vd;gjpy; khw;Wf; fUj;Jf;F ,lkpUf;fhJ.
fzdpahdJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L Rkhu; 40 Mz;Lfspy; mRu tsu;r;rpfz;Ls;sJ. ,g;NghJ kdpjd; fz;Lgpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w> VyNt fz;Lgpbj;j mj;jidf;Fk; fzpdpapd; gq;F VNjhu; tifapy; gad;gl;Lnfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;Wjhd; $wNtz;Lk;. kdpjdJ Njhw;Wtha;> cyfpd;Njhw;Wtha;> ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;Wtha;> vjpu;fhyj;jpd; Njhw;wg;ghLfs;> Mfhaj;jpd; mj;jid Ma;TfSf;Fk;> flypd; Mok; njhlf;fk; G+kpapd; cs;Ns tiuapyhd mj;jid gug;GfspYk; fzdp GFe;J tpisahLfpwJ. mg;gbahdhy; ,d;W ,Uf;fpd;w> vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gltpUf;fpd;w mj;jid tplaq;fSf;Fk;> mjhtJ czT rikg;gjpypUe;J tha;f;Fs; czitf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; tiuapyhd rfytpjkhd njhopw;ghl;ilAk; ,d;W NuhNghf;fs; ,e;j fzdpapd; Clhf nraw;gLj;j KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy; fzdpAfk; kdpjdJ rpe;jidia ,d;Dk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak; vd;gjpy; vt;tpjkhd re;Njfj;jpw;Fk; ,lkpUf;fhJ. me;jtifapy; fzdp Kf;fpakpf;f fz;Lgpbg;G vd;gJjhd; midtupdJk; VNfhgpj;j KbT.
fzdp njhopy;El;gj;jpd; Muk;gkhf “mghf;f];” – vdg;gLk; kzpr;rl;lk; nfhz;l xU rpNyl;. fzpjj;ij vspaKiwapy; fzpg;gpLtjw;Fk;> vspjhf gad;gLj;Jtjw;f;Fk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vd;gij NkNy ghu;j;Njhk;. mjd; gpwF fzpjj;ij NkYk; vspjhf;Ftjw;F xU ,ae;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; gyu; Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpdu;. mtu;fSs; “Neg;gpau;> Mu;j;nul;> gh];fy;> rhu;y]; gNg[;” Nghd;Nwhiuf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mtu;fsJ Ma;TfSk;> KbTfSk; gpd;duhf fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,e;j fzdpapd; tUiff;F MjhukhfTk; mike;jpUe;jd. mjd; gpd;du; n`u;kd; N`hyupj; vd;gtu; kf;fs; njhifapidf; fzf;nfLg;gjw;fhf NlGyl;bq; vd;fpw ,ae;jpug;nghwp xd;iw cUthf;fpapUe;jhu;. gpd;ehspy; ,tu;jhd; (I.gp.vk;) epWtdj;ij epWtpdhu; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
cz;ikapy; ,d;wpUf;fpd;w fzdpf;Fk; md;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fzdpf;Fk; epiwaNt tpj;jpahrk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;NghjpUe;j fzdpfs; ntw;wpl Foha;fs; (vaccum tube) nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; cUtj;jpy; kpfg; ngupjhfTk;> vilapy; gy E}W fpNyhTk; fhzg;glyhapw;W. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,jid Xuplj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU ,lj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;tJk; f\;lkhd fhupakhf ,Ue;jd.
,e;j epiyikapy; buhd;];rp];lu; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ljd; gpw;ghL fzdp njhopy;El;gj;jpd; rhfrj;jpw;F khngUk; jpUg;GKidahf mike;jJ. ntw;wpl Foha;fs; ePf;fg;gl;L> buhd;];rp];lu; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ljhy; fzpdpapd; msTk;> vilAk; rpwpajhf khwpad. buhd;];rp];lu;-I ,d;Dk; vt;thW RUf;fyhk; vd;W Muha;r;rpapy; <Lgl;lNghJ I.rp fz;Lgpbf;fgl;lJ. gy I.rp Nru;f;fpA+l;fis xNu rpy;Yf;Fs; Eiof;fyhkh? vd;fpw Muha;r;rpapy; <Lgl;lNghJ ,d;nly; epWtdj;jpd; uhgu;l; ie]; vd;gtu; ikf;Nuhg;gpuriu fz;Lgpbj;jhu;. ,f;; fz;Lgpbg;gpw;Fg; gpwF fzdpapd; msT kpfTk; rpwpajhf fhzg;glyhapw;W. mjd; fhuzkhf ,d;W Nkir fzdp> kbf;fzdp> iff;fzdp vd;W mstpy; RUq;fpf; nfhz;Nl nry;fpd;wJ. ,d;W fzdpapd; tsu;r;rp Ntfk; ehnshU nghOJk; tz;zKkhf tbtq;fspYk;> msTfspYk;> Ntfj;jpYk;> juj;jpYk; khwpf;nfhz;Nl nry;fpd;wJ. ,j;jifa fzdpapd; gupzhk tsu;r;rp fy;tpapYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy; mtrpakhFk;.
fzdp Clhf fy;tpapYk;> fw;wypYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fs;
,d;W fzdp Kf;fpakhd xU rhjdkhfNt ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ve;jnthU tplaj;ijg; ghu;j;jhYk; mJ fzdpapd; ClhfNt ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fhupahyak; vd;d> njhopw;rhiy vd;d vq;Fk; vjpYk; fzdpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fhzg;gLtij ehk; mwpNthk;. ,d;W tPl;by; ,Ue;jgb cyifNa tyk; tUk; kdpjdJ nraw;ghLfs; Neuj;jpw;F Neuk; khwpf;nfhz;Nl nry;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Ff;fhuzkhf mike;Js;s ,izaj;jsq;fs; midj;Jr; tplaq;fspYk; Kd;dpiy tfpj;Jr; nraw;gLtij fhzyhk;. cyfk; ,t;thW etPdj;Jtj;jpid Nehf;fpajhf nrd;Wnfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ,d;iwa ghlrhiyfspy; khj;jpuk; ,e;jf; fzdp tUif je;jjd;gpd;dUk;$l mjpfkhd Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwfspy; fUk;gyifAk;> ntz;fl;bAlDk; fhzg;gLfpd;;wikahdJ> etPdj;Jtkpf;f khw;wk; ghlrhiyf;Fs; ,d;Dk; KOikahf te;jilatpy;iy vd;Nw $wg;gLfpd;wJ. fhuzk; Mrpupau;fs; jq;fis khw;wpf; nfhz;lhYk; jd;Dila fw;wiyAk;> fw;ww; nraw;ghLfisAk; khw;wpf;nfhs;stpy;iy vd;gJjhd; cz;ikahd tplakhFk;.
mz;ikapy; ghlrhiyapd; xd;wpd; Mrpupau;; juk; 2 tFg;gpy; fw;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;. mtu; ntz;fl;b nfhz;L fUk;gyifapy; fw;gpf;ftpy;iy. mtu; ky;bkPbahtpy; fzdpapy; fw;wy; tplaq;fisj; jahupj;Jf;nfhz;L (GNwhfpuhk; jahupj;J) md;iwa ghlj;ijf; fw;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. khztu;fSk; Mrpupaupd; fw;gpj;jypy; KOikahf %o;fpapUe;jdu;. fzdpapd; Clhf ghlj;ijj; jahupj;J ,yFthd Kiwapy; khztu;fSf;F tpsq;Fk; tifapy; vspjhd cjhuzq;fSld; cz;ikahd nghUl;fisAk;> cgfuzq;fisAk; jpiuapy; fhz;gpj;J fw;gpj;jikahdJ> khztu;fspdJ fw;Fk; Mtiyj; J}z;bapUe;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
me;jtifapy; ,d;iwa mwpTg;gputhfk; gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; thOk; ehk; cyfpd; khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g ehKk; khwpf; nfhz;L nry;yNtz;baJ ekJ fl;lhakhFk;. midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; njhopw;El;gj;jpd; mgupjkhd tsu;r;rp Ntfj;Jld; nrd;W cldbahd ngWNgw;iwj; je;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; mwpTg;Gul;rpapid cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;L ghlrhiyfSk; khztu;fspd; fw;wYf;Fj; Jizahf ,e;j fzdpapd; Clhf fw;wiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Mrpupau;fs; jq;fisj; jahu;gLj;j Ntz;bAk; cs;sJ. etPd njhopw;El;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rp Ntfj;jpw;F <LnfhLf;ff; $ba khztu;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s ,d;iwa ghlrhiyfspy; mjw;Nfw;wthW fw;gpj;jy; KiwfspYk; khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Lte;J fw;gpg;gjw;F jq;fisj; jahu;gLj;j Ntz;bAk; cs;sJ.
me;jtifapy; ghu;f;fpd;wNghJ muRk; ,d;iwa mRuNtfj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; khztu;fsJ Nkk;ghl;bw;Fupa rfytpjkhd eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;L tUtijAk; fhzyhk;. ,d;iwa Nghl;bfukhd fy;tp Kiwikapy; Gj;jfq;fspdhy; ngWfpd;w fy;tp khj;jpuk; jdpegh; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F fhuzkhf mikahJ vd;gjid Gupe;Jnfhz;L Mf;fjpwDf;F re;jh;g;gk; toq;ff; $ba tifapy; gpuNahf fw;wy; Kiwapid gad;gLj;jp gps;isfis mjpy; <LgLj;jf; $ba k`pe;Njhja 1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mbg;gil cs;sPlhd k`pe;Njhja njhopy;El;g Ma;T$lq;fis epu;khdpj;jy; kw;Wk; mjw;F Njitahd etPd cgfuzq;fis toq;FjYk; Mrpupah; tsj;ij tYT+l;LtJk; fle;j 2013k; Mz;by; fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; vl;lg;gl;l nraw;rhjidfspd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshFk;. ,jid ntw;wpfukhd Kiwapy; mile;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt ,e;j trjpfis muR Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.
mNjNtis gps;isfspd; cah;e;jgl;r ,aYikfis tpUj;jp nra;J caupa tho;f;if Kiwf;F <LgLj;jTk;> r%fj;Jf;F gad;kpf;f topfhl;ly;fis toq;fTk;> kw;Wk; mjw;F Njitahd mbj;jsj;ij ,LtJ njhlh;ghfTk; ghlrhiyf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s nghWg;Gf;fis njhlh;e;Jk; tYT+l;b Njrpa njhopy;rhh; jifikAld; ,ize;j f.ngh.j (c.j) njhopy;El;g ghltpjhdk; 250 ghlrhiyfs; Clhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sikahdJ ,e;ehl;bd; fy;tpapy; jpUg;G Kidahf mike;Js;sik Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. NkYk;> etPd mwpT kw;Wk; jpwikfisg; Nghd;W mwpT gz;gpid Nghrpf;f $bathW ,sk; re;jjpapdiu cUthf;fTk;> ,J njhlh;ghf Mh;tj;Jld; rfy gf;fj;Njhw;wq;fs; ClhfTk; fy;tp nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;J rpwe;j r%fj;ij cUthf;f gq;fspg;G nra;tjpy; fy;tp mikr;R njhlh;e;Jk; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wik Kf;fpakhFk;.
Mjyhy;jhd; ,e;ehl;bd; fy;tpj;JiwahJ mjprapf;fj;jjhf mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. me;jtifapy; “,ytrf; fy;tpf;fhf vkJ gps;isfSf;Fs;s cupikia ve;j tifapYk; ,y;yhnjhopf;fkhl;Nld;. ehL G+uhTKs;s rfy kfh tpj;jpahyaq;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa kfh tpj;jpahyaq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd caHju tpQ;Qhdf;$lk;> rpq;fsk;> jkpo;> Mq;fpy nkhopfspy; fw;Fk; mikg;igf; nfhz;l nkhopepiyak;> fzdp epiyak;> E}yfk;> tpisahl;luq;fk; cl;gl;ljhfr; rfy trjpfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L G+uzkhd ghlrhiyfshf mtw;iw caHepiyf;F nfhz;L tUtij muR %yke;jpukhf;fpf; nfhz;L nray;tbtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sij ,d;W ghlrhiyfspy; fhz;fpNwhk;.
ghlrhiyf; fy;tp KiwahdJ vjpHtUk; mgptpUj;jpj; jrhg;jj;jpd; nghUl;lhftd;wp gy E}w;whz;Lfs; njhiyJ}uk; nry;yf;$bathNw Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ fy;tpf;fhf xU rpWtH nrytopf;fpd;w fhyk; vt;tsT J}uj;jpw;F vjpHfhyj;jpw;F gad; cs;sjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ gw;wp Muha;e;J ghHj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rpWtHfs; jkJ vjpHfhyj;jpDs; topjtwhjthW ghlrhiy tFg;Gfspd; msitAk; guPl;ir KiwiaAk; jpUj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk; vd;fpw murpdJ nfhs;iff;F mikthf ,d;W khw;wk; fz;LtUk; fy;tpj;Jiwapy; etPdj;Jtj;jpid cl;GFj;jp> khztu;fis vjpu;fhy cyfpd; rpe;jidr; rpw;gpfshf tsu;f;f Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;. mjid KOikg;gLj;jpathW fy;tpj;JiwNahL rhu;e;Js;s vj;;jidNa ntg;gjsq;fs; cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.
,jd; fhuzkhf ,d;W xt;nthU fy;tp tyaj;jpYk; ghlrhiyfs; njupT nra;ag;gl;L fzdpapd; Clhf fw;gpf;fpd;w nkd;nghUis jahupj;J toq;fptUk; fy;tpaikr;R Fwpg;ghf Muk;gf;fy;tpapy; khj;jpukd;wp midj;J tFg;Gf;fspYk; khngUk; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fhf; nfhz;L Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;> Mrpupa MNyhrfu;fSf;Fk; gapw;rpfis toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,J vjpu;fhyj;jpy; fzdpapy; fw;gjw;fhd trjpfis NkYk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;FjTk; vd;Nw $wyhk;. mj;Jld; khztu;fSf;Fk;> fw;gpf;fpd;w Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; ,d;iwa etPd Afj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w ntg;jsq;fs; mwptpd; ikaq;fshf gupzkpj;Js;s epiyapy;> efuq;fs; khj;jpukd;wp fpuhkq;fs; NjhWk; ,d;W ntg;jsq;fSk;> mwpthu;e;j rpe;jidj;Jtq;fSk; epiwe;Js;s fhyfl;lj;jpy; ekJ gpuNjrq;fspy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLfpd;w ntg;jsq;fs; Clhf ekJ khztu;fspdJ fy;tp Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd jpl;lq;fisAk; cl;GFj;jp nraw;gLtjd; %yk; ntg;gjsq;fspd; Clhf rpwe;j fw;wiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F topfhz;gjhf mikAk;.